Nobody gave me any. That was some of the early research, probably the present animal welfare committees would’ve frowned on. Like for instance, I had a question, I was repairing bird fractures is when the bird broke a bone, and the way I was trained at Angel, and the way you’re trained is as a small animal vet, and you put pins in the bones, and wait for them to heal, and you know, then take the pin out. Well, I was doing that and it was looking very good after surgery, but they just weren’t healing, or they would, it’s not working. So I said, “Well, why isn’t it working when, you know, it works all right in mammals?” So we took a look and said, “Well, we really don’t know how birds’ bone heals.” So Dick Montale was there, and I knew some people in radiology and I said, “Let’s figure out exactly how birds’ bone heals, so that we can maybe fashion a way to repair it.” So we took some pigeons, and under anesthesia, I broke the humerus of one, and just left it in a cage rest like you would, and then I broke the ulna on the other wing, and left the radius intact for immobilizing it, so it didn’t move. And then we X-rayed the birds for over about eight weeks every week, and then we did euthanasia, and looked at the histology of it, and found out, we understood then why birds’ bones don’t heal well when you put a pin in it, because the major callous is internal and not external, so you put a pin in the middle of the bone marrow, you’ve disrupted it. And so if you just leave it alone and stabilize it good, it’ll heal in three weeks rather than six weeks like it is in a mammal. So we devised an external fixation technique, and published it several places, and …
