And then there were traditional setups in terms of the barred cages for the primates, glass cages for the great apes. But for the most part, it was rather primitive in my view and animals like the small mammals were simply not accommodated in any substantial fashion in respect to their behavioral needs. They were put in, what was literally a steel box, a windowed steel box, and that was it. But the outdoor enclosures of course were the feature of Brookfield in emulating what was done originally at Hagenbeck’s Tierpark, but earlier than that at Basel in Switzerland, as I later saw. The gunite enclosures were certainly a dramatic facilitation in terms of the view of the animals that were no longer in stockades, et cetera. And so those features of Brookfield certainly were appreciated by even a novice in the field. But for the most part, the indoor enclosures were certainly not of the quality that we later came to recognize would be valuable for people to enjoy and witness, et cetera. And I had an early part in this development of more naturalistic settings for the animals and that Hediger allowed us to start experimenting in the special invertebrate building, adjacent to the bird house and the reptile house on the main plaza at Brookfield.
