In the beginning, it was a pretty loose connection between zoo veterinarians around the country. As I say, the Zoo Veterinarian Association didn’t start until about the late ’60s. And it was a loose group of people who started meeting at Michigan State University back in ’67, ’68. And at that time there were probably only 25 zoo veterinarians, more or less. We would meet once a year at an annual meeting, but then we would call around by phone quite a bit. At that time, there weren’t any formal programs like they have now for residencies or internships for zoo veterinarians. So yes, our communication was direct. It was person to person.
